What is the first hurdle in a waterfall distribution structure?

In a waterfall distribution structure, the first hurdle typically involves the return of capital to investors. This principle is foundational because it ensures that investors recover their initial investment before any profits or additional distributions are made.

The structure is designed to prioritize the interests of the investors by securing their capital upfront. Once investors have received back all or a specified percentage of their initial contributions, the distribution can then shift to other components, such as profit-sharing and management fees. This order creates a balance of risk and reward, reinforcing investor confidence as they know their principal is prioritized in the distribution process.

Understanding this hierarchy is crucial for anyone involved in private equity or fund management, as it establishes the terms under which all parties operate and the expectations set at the outset of an investment.